GLOBAL PAYMENTS KNOWLEDGEISO 20022 / SWIFT / SEPA / MT / MX
FALSE POSITIVES

A common surname collides with the list

The alert as it lands: Alert 2026-07-11-00318 in your queue: an outbound MT103 from Van Leeuwen Trading B.V. to beneficiary OMAR K. HADDAD is held. The filter matched the beneficiary against list entry HADDAD, Omar (Fictional Programme ORION) with a score of 0.83 against a 0.82 threshold. The payment is on hold pending your disposition.

All people, companies, banks, list entries, sanctions programmes, and identifiers in this case are fictional and were invented for training. Omar Haddad is a deliberately common name chosen to illustrate name collisions; any resemblance to real persons is coincidental. The list data shown does not come from any real sanctions list.

Stage 1 of 6: Input

THE PAYMENT AS SCREENING SEES IT

Rail
SWIFT MT103 (serial)
Debtor
Van Leeuwen Trading B.V. (Netherlands)
Creditor
Omar K. Haddad (Canada)
Amount
USD 12,500.00
Purpose
Consultancy fee — market entry study

THE LIST (FICTIONAL)

  • HADDAD, OmarAKA: Omar Hadad, Umar HaddadDOB 1961-04-17 · Cyprus · Fictional Programme ORION
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Normalization

  • Beneficiary name (field 59): “OMAR K. HADDAD” → “OMAR K HADDAD” (Strip punctuation; the middle initial is kept as a separate token but carries little weight on its own.)
  • List entry primary name: “HADDAD, Omar” → “OMAR HADDAD” (Resolve the surname-first inversion so list names and payment names are compared in the same token order.)

Candidates

  • le-haddad-orion: matched on Full-name match after inversion and middle-initial handlingBoth name tokens of the list entry appear in the beneficiary name in comparable order; the alias set (Hadad, Umar) confirms the entry is indexed under common spelling variants.

Scores

  • le-haddad-orion: total 0.83 vs threshold 0.82 (Name similarity 55%×96%; Phonetic similarity 20%×90%; Secondary identifier corroboration 15%×50%; Country corroboration 10%×50%)

Disposition

Alert generated. The total of 0.83 meets the 0.82 threshold on the strength of the name alone. The message itself contains nothing that can safely discount the match, so it must go to a human with access to more data than the message carries.

Investigation

  1. Is the beneficiary the same individual as list entry le-haddad-orion? Evidence: Beneficiary bank KYC response: account holder date of birth 1988-09-02; List entry date of birth: 1961-04-17. Finding: A 27-year gap between the two dates of birth makes identity with the listed person implausible.
  2. Does geography corroborate or contradict the match? Evidence: KYC file shows Canadian residency since 2015 with a Toronto utility bill on record; List entry records a last known location in Cyprus with no Canadian connection. Finding: There is no geographic overlap between the beneficiary and the listed person.
  3. Do any hard identifiers overlap? Evidence: The passport number in the beneficiary's KYC file differs from the fictional passport K0448127 recorded on the list entry; No alias, former name, or transliteration variant in the KYC file links to the entry. Finding: No identifier connects the beneficiary to the list entry; the collision is purely a common name.

Final: False positive — release. Release the payment and record which identifiers discounted the match. Register the beneficiary-to-entry pairing so an identical future hit can be adjudicated from the recorded rationale — with the pairing re-reviewed whenever the list entry changes. Institutions differ on whether such pairings suppress future alerts automatically or only pre-populate the analyst's view.

Sources for this case2
  1. Market practice

    Wolfsberg Group Sanctions Screening GuidanceThe Wolfsberg Group

    Industry guidance on the elements of an effective sanctions screening programme: the risk-based approach, list management, matching technology, alert generation, and alert handling. · Checked 2026-07-12

    Wolfsberg guidance is industry market practice, not law; institutions vary in how they apply it.

  2. Simplified educational illustration

    Payments Signal editorial teaching modelsPayments Signal

    This site's own simplified teaching models. · Checked 2026-07-12

    What this simplifies: Scoring model is a simplified teaching construct, not a production algorithm.

    Used wherever diagrams, scenarios, figures, or example values are didactic constructions rather than sourced facts; every such use carries a simplifications disclosure. All people, companies, banks, and list entries in examples are fictional.